The Effect of Ethnicity on 2D and 3D Frontomaxillary Facial Angle Measurement in the First Trimester
Joint Authors
Cox, Jennifer
McLennan, Andrew
Alphonse, Jennifer
Schluter, Philip
Clarke, Jill
Source
Obstetrics and Gynecology International
Issue
Vol. 2013, Issue 2013 (31 Dec. 2013), pp.1-5, 5 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2013-10-28
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
5
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Objectives.
To determine the existence and extent of ethnic differences in 2D or 3D fetal frontomaxillary facial angle (FMFA) measurements.
Methods.
During routine 11–14 weeks nuchal translucency screening undertaken in a private ultrasound practice in Sydney, Australia, 2D images and 3D volumes of the fetal profile were collected from consenting patients.
FMFA was measured on a frozen 2D ultrasound image in the appropriate plane and, after a delay of at least 48 hours, was also measured on the reconstructed 3D ultrasound volume offline.
Results.
Overall 416 patients were included in the study; 220 Caucasian, 108 north Asian, 36 east Asian and 52 south Asian patients.
Caucasians had significantly lower median FMFA measurements than Asians in both 2D (2.2°; P<0.001) and 3D (3.4°; P<0.001) images.
Median 2D measurements were significantly higher than 3D measurements in the Caucasian and south Asian groups (P<0.001 and P=0.04), but not in north and east Asian groups (P=0.08 and P=0.41).
Conclusions.
Significant ethnic variations in both 2D and 3D FMFA measurements exist.
These differences may indicate the need to establish ethnic-specific reference ranges for both 2D and 3D imaging.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Alphonse, Jennifer& Cox, Jennifer& Clarke, Jill& Schluter, Philip& McLennan, Andrew. 2013. The Effect of Ethnicity on 2D and 3D Frontomaxillary Facial Angle Measurement in the First Trimester. Obstetrics and Gynecology International،Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-5.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-502955
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Alphonse, Jennifer…[et al.]. The Effect of Ethnicity on 2D and 3D Frontomaxillary Facial Angle Measurement in the First Trimester. Obstetrics and Gynecology International No. 2013 (2013), pp.1-5.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-502955
American Medical Association (AMA)
Alphonse, Jennifer& Cox, Jennifer& Clarke, Jill& Schluter, Philip& McLennan, Andrew. The Effect of Ethnicity on 2D and 3D Frontomaxillary Facial Angle Measurement in the First Trimester. Obstetrics and Gynecology International. 2013. Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-5.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-502955
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-502955