Quantum Energy Expectation in Periodic Time-Dependent Hamiltonians via Green Functions

Abstract EN

Let UF be the Floquet operator of a time periodic Hamiltonian H(t).

For each positive and discrete observable A (which we call a probe energy), we derive a formula for the Laplace time average of its expectation value up to time T in terms of its eigenvalues and Green functions at the circle of radius e1/T.

Some simple applications are provided which support its usefulness.