Proteus Mediastinitis Causing Fatal Pseudoaneurysm following Aortic Valve Replacement

Abstract EN

We report an unusual case of Gram-negative mediastinitis following aortic valve replacement via median sternotomy.

The patient presented two months after surgery following a urinary tract infection in septic shock with a discharging sternal wound and blood cultures positive for Proteus mirabilis.

Imaging revealed a large anterior mediastinal abscess and aortic pseudoaneurysm which subsequently ruptured resulting in fatality.

Gram-negative mediastinitis is a rare complication of cardiac surgery that can present late following initial clinical improvement and should be considered when “remote site” infections are present.

Computerised Tomography scanning has a role to play in the identification of this.