Analgesia Is Enhanced by Providing Information regarding Good Outcomes Associated with an Odor : Placebo Effects in Aromatherapy?
Joint Authors
Kawase, Akiko
Takakura, Nobuari
Homma, Ikuo
Takayama, Miho
Yajima, Hiroyoshi
Masaoka, Yuri
Source
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Issue
Vol. 2013, Issue 2013 (31 Dec. 2013), pp.1-8, 8 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2013-06-10
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
8
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
No previous report has described whether information regarding an odor used in aromatherapy has placebo effects.
We investigated whether placebo analgesia was engendered by verbal information regarding the analgesic effects of an odor.
Twelve of 24 subjects were provided with the information that a lavender odor would reduce pain (informed), whereas the other 12 subjects were not (not-informed).
Concurrent with respiration recording, the subjects were administered a lavender-odor or no-odor treatment during application of painful stimulation to the forefinger.
The subjects reported their experience of pain and its unpleasantness on a visual analogue scale after the painful stimulation.
The lavender-odor treatment significantly alleviated pain and unpleasantness compared with the no-odor treatment in the informed (P<0.01) and not-informed groups (P<0.05).
The no-odor treatment in the informed group significantly alleviated pain and unpleasantness compared with both the no-odor and lavender-odor treatments in the not-informed group (P<0.05).
Rapid and shallow breathing induced by the painful stimulation became slow and deep during the lavender-odor and no-odor treatments in both groups.
Information regarding a lavender odor, the lavender odor itself, and slower breathing contributed to reduced perceptions of pain and unpleasantness during painful stimulation, suggesting that placebo effects significantly contribute to analgesia in aromatherapy.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Masaoka, Yuri& Takayama, Miho& Yajima, Hiroyoshi& Kawase, Akiko& Takakura, Nobuari& Homma, Ikuo. 2013. Analgesia Is Enhanced by Providing Information regarding Good Outcomes Associated with an Odor : Placebo Effects in Aromatherapy?. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine،Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-508346
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Masaoka, Yuri…[et al.]. Analgesia Is Enhanced by Providing Information regarding Good Outcomes Associated with an Odor : Placebo Effects in Aromatherapy?. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine No. 2013 (2013), pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-508346
American Medical Association (AMA)
Masaoka, Yuri& Takayama, Miho& Yajima, Hiroyoshi& Kawase, Akiko& Takakura, Nobuari& Homma, Ikuo. Analgesia Is Enhanced by Providing Information regarding Good Outcomes Associated with an Odor : Placebo Effects in Aromatherapy?. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013. Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-508346
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-508346