Cellular and Molecular Mediators of Neuroinflammation in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease
Joint Authors
More, Sandeep Vasant
Choi, Dong-Kug
Kumar, Hemant
Kim, In-Su
Song, Soo-Yeol
Source
Issue
Vol. 2013, Issue 2013 (31 Dec. 2013), pp.1-12, 12 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2013-06-27
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
12
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Neuroinflammation is a host-defense mechanism associated with restoration of normal structure and function of the brain and neutralization of an insult.
Increasing neuropathological and biochemical evidence from the brains of individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) provides strong evidence for activation of neuroinflammatory pathways.
Microglia, the resident innate immune cells, may play a major role in the inflammatory process of the diseased brain of patients with PD.
Although microglia forms the first line of defense for the neural parenchyma, uncontrolled activation of microglia may directly affect neurons by releasing various molecular mediators such as inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-1β), nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
Moreover, recent studies have reported that activated microglia phagocytose not only damaged cell debris but also intact neighboring cells.
This phenomenon further supports their active participation in self-enduring neuronal damage cycles.
As the relationship between PD and neuroinflammation is being studied, there is a realization that both cellular and molecular mediators are most likely assisting pathological processes leading to disease progression.
Here, we discuss mediators of neuroinflammation, which are known activators released from damaged parenchyma of the brain and result in neuronal degeneration in patients with PD.
American Psychological Association (APA)
More, Sandeep Vasant& Kumar, Hemant& Kim, In-Su& Song, Soo-Yeol& Choi, Dong-Kug. 2013. Cellular and Molecular Mediators of Neuroinflammation in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease. Mediators of Inflammation،Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-510941
Modern Language Association (MLA)
More, Sandeep Vasant…[et al.]. Cellular and Molecular Mediators of Neuroinflammation in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease. Mediators of Inflammation No. 2013 (2013), pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-510941
American Medical Association (AMA)
More, Sandeep Vasant& Kumar, Hemant& Kim, In-Su& Song, Soo-Yeol& Choi, Dong-Kug. Cellular and Molecular Mediators of Neuroinflammation in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease. Mediators of Inflammation. 2013. Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-510941
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-510941