Lungs in Heart Failure
Joint Authors
Agostoni, Piergiuseppe
Apostolo, Anna
Giusti, Giuliano
Bussotti, Maurizio
Gargiulo, Paola
Source
Issue
Vol. 2012, Issue 2012 (31 Dec. 2012), pp.1-9, 9 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2012-12-24
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
9
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Lung function abnormalities both at rest and during exercise are frequently observed in patients with chronic heart failure, also in the absence of respiratory disease.
Alterations of respiratory mechanics and of gas exchange capacity are strictly related to heart failure.
Severe heart failure patients often show a restrictive respiratory pattern, secondary to heart enlargement and increased lung fluids, and impairment of alveolar-capillary gas diffusion, mainly due to an increased resistance to molecular diffusion across the alveolar capillary membrane.
Reduced gas diffusion contributes to exercise intolerance and to a worse prognosis.
Cardiopulmonary exercise test is considered the “gold standard” when studying the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic adaptations to exercise in cardiac patients.
During exercise, hyperventilation and consequent reduction of ventilation efficiency are often observed in heart failure patients, resulting in an increased slope of ventilation/carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) relationship.
Ventilatory efficiency is as strong prognostic and an important stratification marker.
This paper describes the pulmonary abnormalities at rest and during exercise in the patients with heart failure, highlighting the principal diagnostic tools for evaluation of lungs function, the possible pharmacological interventions, and the parameters that could be useful in prognostic assessment of heart failure patients.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Apostolo, Anna& Giusti, Giuliano& Gargiulo, Paola& Bussotti, Maurizio& Agostoni, Piergiuseppe. 2012. Lungs in Heart Failure. Pulmonary Medicine،Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-510985
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Apostolo, Anna…[et al.]. Lungs in Heart Failure. Pulmonary Medicine No. 2012 (2012), pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-510985
American Medical Association (AMA)
Apostolo, Anna& Giusti, Giuliano& Gargiulo, Paola& Bussotti, Maurizio& Agostoni, Piergiuseppe. Lungs in Heart Failure. Pulmonary Medicine. 2012. Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-510985
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-510985