Effect of Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. residues on growth and yield of mungbean (Vigna mungo L.Hepper )‎ , maize (Zea mays L. )‎ and their associated grassy weeds

Other Title(s)

تأثير مخلفات الدودونيا Dodonaea viscosa و حاصل الماش (Vigna mungo L.Hepper )‎ و الذرة الصفراء (Zea mays L. )‎ و الإدغال المرافقة لهما

Dissertant

Ali, Sumayyah Abbas

Thesis advisor

al-Jabburi, Kamil Mitshir Malih

Comitee Members

al-Musawi, Ali H.
Jawad, Abd al-Latif Muhammad
al-Jabburi, Abd al-Jasim Muhaysin

University

University of Baghdad

Faculty

College of Science

Department

Department of Biology

University Country

Iraq

Degree

Master

Degree Date

2012

English Abstract

The present study has been conducted to evaluate the allelopathic potential of the aerial plant part (leaves and bark) against major cereal and legume crops i.e., maize, and mung bean as well as their associated weeds.

Two field experiments were conducted in a farmer’s field in AL-Shaab district, Baghdad province during the period of July to November 2010.First experiment was sown with mungbean (Vigna mungo L.Hepper) local cultivar, and second experiment was sown with maize (Zea mays L.

cv.5018) .

Each experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block experimental design (RCBD) with three replications.

Dodonaea viscosa Jacq.

residues was employed as mulching, incorporation into soil and extract, along with control(1) which sown with the test crops without adding residues of D.

viscose and control (2)which not sown with the test crops.

The mean values were compared with the least significance difference (LSD) test at 5% level.

All plots were un-weeded.

The crop was managed according to the recommended conventional agronomical practices.

Data on type of weeds, their densities in maize and mungbean field, reduction of weeds dry weight (%) and reduction of total number (%) from control (1) and control (2) was recorded as measures of its allelopathic potential on the associated weeds.

The major weeds present on the experimental site and their densities included : Portulaca aleracea (Dense) , Cyperus difformis , Cyperus iria , Amaranthus retroflexus , Amaranthus viridis , Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.

,Echinochola colona ( L.) Link, Convolulus arvensis , Spinacia oleracea , Chorchorus trilocularis (very few), respectively.

The three treatments by using Dodonaea residues ( mulching , incorporation into soil , spray with residues extracts ) were effective in reducing the weed dry weight by 51.07% ,59.78% ,44.71% ,respectively ,compared with control plot (1) and by 63.50, 70.86 and 60.34 % ,respectively.

compared with control (2)in mungbean plots, 51.85 , 57.74 and 46.01 % compared with control (1), 67.45 , 71.22 and 62.45 %, respectively, compared with control (2)in maize plots.

The rate of maximum reduction in total number of weed in the incorporation II treatments were 51.36% and 60.87% in mungbaen , 50.63% and 61% in maize fields compared with control plot (1) and control plot (2), respectively.

Data show there was little or no increase in chlorophylls and carotenes content in leaves of mungbean and maize, except for the Chl.b and total Chl.

in leaves of mungbean which increased significantly by 16.86 and 17.79 % in mulching treatment as compared to control.

Plant height, number of branches per plant , Leaf area index , number of seed per pod and 100 seed weight of mungbean ,and Leaf area index (LAI) and number of ear per plant of maize were slightly higher at Dodonaea residues than at control treatment, although not significantly.

All Dodonaea residues treatments had positive significant effects on number of pods per plant, plant seed yield and total seed yield as compared to control .

Maximum dry weight of mungbean was 66.45 g recorded in mulching treatment.

The results showed that mulching treatment produced highest pod per plant 65.47 compared to control which gave the lowest pod per plant 39.67.

Mulching treatment produced maximum plant seed yield of mungbean reached to 21.69 g and it enhanced the plant yield by 8.8% as compared to control.

Data showed that mulching treatment gave the highest total seed yield 2.41 t ha_1, the increase was 68.53% compared to control .

Mulching treatment produced the highest length of maize reached to190 cm.

Residues of Dodonaea viscosa significantly affected grain yield and yield contributing parameters , extract treatment recorded the best value 2.60 of number of ear per plant.

Mulching treatment increased ear weight significantly by 41.18 % compared to control.

There was significant difference in 100 grain weight between mulching and control treatments ,the increase reached to 45.51 % .

Mulching treatment produced the highest plant grain yield 99.1 g , and it enhanced the plant yield by 55.82 and 39.97 % as compared to incorporation and control treatments, respectively.

This increase reflected in an increase in total grain yield by 39.95 and 56.05 % , respectively .

Neither protein nor oil content in munghbean seeds and maize grains were significantly affected by Dodonaea residues, even though there was slight increase .

Mulching treatment gave the best results 23.57 and 1.85 % of protein and oil , respectively for munbean III seeds , and 5.98 % of oil for maize grains.

Whereas extract treatment gave the highest protein percentage 11.94 % for maize grains.

Carbohydrates content in mungbean seeds and maize grains were not significantly different due to Dodonaea residues treatments , although some decrease was observed due to slight increase in protein and oil content.

There was a tendency for carbohydrates content to increase in control treatment and reach to 62.13 and 66.43 % for mungbean and maize , respectively as compared with Dodonaea residues treatments .

The leaf tissue N%, P%, K%, Mg ppm or Fe ppm concentrations were not significantly affected by Dodonaea residues treatments ,However, the chemical analysis of field soil properties after harvesting demonstrated the increase in inorganic elements as compared with soil before sowing.

The results of this study reveal that allelopathic chemicals of D.

viscosa may have the potential as weed growth inhibition and that inhibitory effect was shown to be dependent on the method of application.

Leaf and bark residues have promoting effects on growth, yield ,yield components , quality,leaf content of mineral nutrients,in addition to physiological parameters in Dicot.

(Vigna mungo L.Hepper) and Monocot.

(Zea mays L.) plants.

It could help increase organic matter contents over time, which can provide positive benefits for soil, and more available soil water.

Main Subjects

Botany

No. of Pages

77

Table of Contents

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

Language

English

Data Type

Arab Theses

Record ID

BIM-597602