Examining the effects of Baghdad medical city waste water on the quality of Tigris River

Other Title(s)

تقييم تأثيرات مياه الفضلة الصحية لمدينة بغداد الطبية في نوعية مياه نهر دجلة

Dissertant

Maalah, Warqaa Nawfal

Thesis advisor

al-Azzawi, Muhammad Nafi Ali

Comitee Members

al-Hiyaly, Sidik A. K.
al-Zubaydi, Fawzi Shanawah
Muhammad, Ahmad J.

University

University of Baghdad

Faculty

College of Science

Department

Department of Biology

University Country

Iraq

Degree

Master

Degree Date

2013

English Abstract

Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of Tigris river water were assessed monthly to assess the impact of pollutants of Baghdad Medical City hospital wastewater for the period from October 2012 to September 2013.

The Baghdad Medical City complex located on Baghdad on the east side of the Tigris river (Rusafa) extends between Sarafiya bridge and Bab Al-Muadham bridge.

Four stations were selected during this study; the first station located 500 meters beyond the Medical City Complex, as control.

The second station represents Medical City discharge into the river.

The third station placed 500 meters after the second station, and the forth station is located 2000 meters after the second station.

While Al-Wathba water intake that is located 70 meters before station-2 has been considered the fifth station to ensure the pollution source.

Samples collected on monthly basis from the four stations and seasonally from the fifth station, at depth of approximately 10-20 cm of water surface, two repeating samples for months.

The results obtained showed that the values of Electrical Conductivity, Salinity, Turbidity, Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Chlorides, Total Hardness, Calcium and Magnesium ions, Total Dissolved Solid, Total Suspended Solid, Nitrate, Heavy Metals (Fe, Cd, Pb, Ni and Zn),Total Bacterial Count, Total Coliform, Fecal Coliform, Total Streptococcus, and Fecal Streptococcus in the station 2 were found to be higher than those of other stations in mostly months during the study period.

The pH and Oxygen Demand appeared lower in station 2 than those of other stations.

The results showed that Air and Water temperature values ranged between (12-33 and 11-32)°C respectively,the Turbidity values (7.4 - 250) NTU, Electrical Conductivity (537 - 1690)μs/cm, Salinity (0.32 - 1.05)%o.

The Total Dissolved Solid (339 - 1081) mg/l,Total Suspended Solid (320- 2008) mg/l.

It was found that Tigris river water is alkaline with pH ranging from 6.02 to 9.1 with a reasonable ventilation as the oxygen values recorded varied monthly (0.3 -11.5) mg/l.

The Biological Oxygen Demand values were found to be higher at some stations (0 -6.5) mg/l, while Chemical Oxygen Demand was (31 - 710) mg/l.

The Total Hardness was very high and ranged between (170- 625) mg/l, the Calcium (65 - 260) mg/l and Magnesium (10.9 - 104) mg/l.

The Chlorides values ranged between (35- 190) mg/l, but Nitrate values was (0.5 -70) mg/l.

These maximum results mostly exceed the permissible limit for Iraqi and WHO standards for river system maintain.

The study results showed that the concentrations of Heavy Metals (Iron, Cadmium, Lead, Nickel and Zinc) were varied between 0.9 - 0.014 mg/l, 0.1 - 0.001 mg/l, 0.6 - 0.01 mg/l, 0.4 - 0.004 mg/l, and 0.22 - 0.004 mg/l respectively.

Mean concentrations of these metals in Tigris river showed monthly variations during the study period and the Fe, Ni and Zn within permissible limit, while Pb and Cd exceeding permissible limit for Iraqi and WHO standards for river system maintains.

The biological factors were recorded the values of the Total bacterial count (10000 - 2700000) cell/1ml.

While Total and Faecal coliform (200- 3700 and 100-2400) cell/100ml respectively.

Total and Faecal Streptococcus (200-2800 and 0-920) cell/100ml respectively.

The means values of this study were allowable but not desirable, while the maximum is not allowable.

The result of Al-Wathba water intake station when compared with the first station (the control), there was a significant differences with Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solid, Total Hardness, Magnesium, Chemical Oxygen Demand, and Bacteriological tests except Faecal Streptococcus

Main Subjects

Biology

Topics

• Microbiology
• Pollution
• Water
• Iraq
• Tigris River

No. of Pages

121

Table of Contents

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

Language

English

Data Type

Arab Theses

Record ID

BIM-598235