Preimplantation genetic diagnosis ethical aspects

Abstract EN

In vitro fertilization (IVF), certain genetic abnormalities in embryos could be diagnosed by the technique of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) prior to implantation.

The technique is used at the six to eight cell stage of embryonic development.

Through polymerase chain reaction, the cellular DNA is tested for chromosomal abnormalities or genetic mutations.

However, ethics provides norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior ; the four general principles within what is called ‘Principlism’.

People involved in health care are expected to apply these general principles to particular situations to determine what is morally recommended.

Selection is an individual right.

The freedom to make reproductive decisions is recognized as a fundamental moral and legal right that should not be denied to any couple, unless an exercise of that right would lead to harming themselves or others or it involve gender discrimination.

PGD is a mean to provide parents with the security that their children will be having the best possible start in the world.

PGD would avoid the sufferings of offspring and extended family when a severely disabled child is born.

Doctors should promote the well-being of others.

PGD is an extension of the doctor’s duty of beneficence, working towards avoiding diseases and recurrent miscarriage.

PGD process is cost effective when one considers the cost compared with lifetime treatment for a single patient suffering from hereditary diseases.