Remote sensing techniques to study the raw materials for cement industry in the west of Karbala cement factory Iraq

Dissertant

Hadi, Fawzi Fakhri

Thesis advisor

Abd al-Qadir, Amal Muhammad

University

University of Baghdad

Faculty

College of Science

Department

Geology Department

University Country

Iraq

Degree

Master

Degree Date

2011

English Abstract

This study intends to assign appropriate images processing techniques to be conducted for detection and evaluation of the industrial concentration of raw materials in terms of spectral response of Landsat- ETM⁺ images in the study area.

The study area is located in west of Karbala cement factory /Iraq ; it is characterized by the occurrence of several quarries and important economic deposits.

A variety of remote sensing processing techniques were applied by using Landsat ETM+ images.

RGB 742 band combination was useful to obtain basic impression of the study area.

Band ratios 7/5, 5/4 and 3/1 successfully discriminated the deposit units containing clay, Ferric clay and carbonate deposits.

While Principal Component Analysis (PCA) discriminated further deposits containing clay , limestone, and depressions deposits (gravel, sand, clay and silt.

Spectral sampling showed the best matching with USGS standard curves discriminating hematite within clay and covered carbonates deposits , the calcite and dolomite have been detected in the exposed carbonate deposits in the study area.

Supervised classification separated the main important materials into five categories with accuracy reached 99.7%; they are (carbonate deposit ,limestone deposit, and three types of clay deposits) .

The Kriging models are applied to create the geoinformation layers for CaO% ,and Silica ratio ( SM) in the study area .These layers showed that the ratios of calcium oxide and Silica ratio (SM) are distributed irregularly in the limestone and clay1 quarries.

While the proportions of IV (Silica ratio in clay 2 a nd 3 ) are distributed on a regular form and decrease towards the center in a clay۲ quarry and increase towards the north west in quarry of clay 3 .

Field works and chemical analyses confirmed that the main components , CaO and Silica ratio (SM ) range between (38.16 – 53.91)% and (3.34-13.83)% for limestone and clay respectively, while Alumina ratio ( AM) range from (1.2-2.88)% in all samples .

The ratios are close to the range of available data of quarries used in karbala cement industry for same components that ranged from(50.5- 54,94 for CaO in limestone quarry) and ranged from (9-16.8 for clay1 and 1.9- 5 for clay2 in clay quarries) , also Alumina ratio range from (1.54-2.12) % in clay1 and (1.8-2.08)% in clay2.

Analysis of these materials shows suitablity for cement industry by controlling mixing of all components.

A predictive relationship is established to estimate CaO concentration in terms of spectral response in the study area with average accuracy of 99%.

The results show successful confirmation and agreement with the ground truth information and supported with field work through the study .

Main Subjects

History and Geography

Topics

• Raw materials
• Mineralogy
• Iraq
• Remote sensing
• Karbala
• Geographical information systems
• Prospecting

No. of Pages

136

Table of Contents

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

Language

English

Data Type

Arab Theses

Record ID

BIM-608501