Hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of groundwater in Tuz Khurmatu Area

Other Title(s)

هيدروجيولوجية و هيدروكيميائية المياه الجوفية في منطقة طوزخورماتو

Dissertant

Rashid, Arjan Ali

Thesis advisor

al-Kubaysi, Qusayy Yasin

Comitee Members

Salman, Hasan H.
al-Dabbas, Mutazz Abd al-Sattar Muhammad
al-Shamma, Aysar Muhammad

University

University of Baghdad

Faculty

College of Science

Department

Geology Department

University Country

Iraq

Degree

Master

Degree Date

2012

English Abstract

The studied area is located within Salahadden governorate between latitudes (34°50'00" - 34° 55' 00") and longitudes ( 44° 33' 00" - 44° 40' 00" ) south of Kirkuk city by about ( 70 km) with an approximate area of (124km2).

The important geological formations in the area consist of Tertiary deposits (Al-Fat'ha, Injana , Muqdadiya and Bai- Hassan formations) as well as recent Quaternary deposits which cover the study area .

Depending on the climatic data recorded in Tuz Khurmatu station for the period (1991- 2010) the common climate in the area is humid to moist.

The studied area is located within AL-Adhaim basin whose area is about (12000km2).

The productive hydrogeological unit in the studied area is Bai - Hassan Formation.

The general direction of groundwater flow is from northeast towards southwest and the hydraulic gradient (I) average is (0.0068).

By using Theis recovery (1935) and Jacob's (1948) methods pumping test results which performed in (7) wells that penetrate Bai - Hassan Formation partially without observation wells indicated a transmissivity of median value of ( 176.11 m2/day) and hydraulic conductivity of median value of ( 3.06 m/day) .

The groundwater quality is generally of low alkalinity .

(EC ) and (TDS) averages and the concentrations of Cations and Anions for the wet period are lower than the dry period except bicarbonate ion(HCO3 -) due to the dilution process .

No nitrate pollution.

Depending on (TDS) values the groundwater in the area is classified as slightly-brackish water .

Hardness of water is of very hard type.

The groundwater in the study area is polluted with some heavy elements like (Co, Ni, Cd and Pb) because their concentrations are higher than the permissible limits according to WHO (2007) and IQS(2009).

Most wells in the study area have water type of (Na2SO4), and the other wells range between (NaCl) ,(CaCl2),( CaSO4) and (MgSO4) water type for the two periods.

The average of hydrochemical indicators for the two periods show that groundwater origin is from meteoric water except the wells No.(1,2,8,9,13,20) ABSTRACT which are of marine origin due to existence of a deep recharge .

According to Piper's classification the groundwater in the study area belongs to (Ca2+ - Mg2+ - Cl- - SO4 2- ) and (Na+- K+ - Cl- - SO4 2-) hydrochemical facies for the two periods .

Comparing the quality of groundwater with standards for different uses proved that it is unsuitable for human drinking purposes and industrial purposes but it's suitable for animals watering ,building purposes and for growing most types of crops .

It's admissible as irrigation water except some samples which are poor due to high salinity.

Through the groundwater management , the annual recharge amount for Al-Adhaim basin is (1660.56 × 106 m3/ year), while the groundwater amount that enters the study area as renewed storativity is (9.79 × 106 m3/ year).

The amount of consumed groundwater in the area during present study is (2.96 ×106 m3/year).

So the amount of change in the groundwater storage (ΔS ) will be (6.83 × 106 m3 / year) .

This value reflects an increase in the constant storage of the area .

Main Subjects

Earth Sciences, Water and Environment
History and Geography

Topics

• Quality control
• Groundwater
• Iraq
• Salah al-Din(City)

No. of Pages

104

Table of Contents

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

Language

English

Data Type

Arab Theses

Record ID

BIM-608688