Establishment of geological information system by integrated digital remote sensing technique for Bahr An-Najaf, Central Iraq

Other Title(s)

إنشاء نظام معلوماتي جيولوجي من خلال المكاملة الرقمية لتقنية التحسس النائي لمنطقة بحر النجف، وسط العراق

Dissertant

Yusuf, Sad Rashid

Thesis advisor

Abd al-Qadir, Amal Midhat

University

University of Baghdad

Faculty

College of Science

Department

Geology Department

University Country

Iraq

Degree

Ph.D.

Degree Date

2014

English Abstract

The study has applied the structural and mineralogical concepts using GIS environment.

It has utilized Landsat ETM+ Imagery as the principal component (information layer).

Digital image processing was carried out spatially and spectrally to improve the lithological discrimination using ENVI 3.6 and Erdas 9.2 software with the aid of SURFER 10 to produce final layouts and charts that make the result ready to achieve the purpose of the present study.

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The satellite images for the study area consolidated by ancillary hydrogeological, structural, and mineralogical readings besides field trips, made the general framework of the data useful for achieving the study.

Image enhancement that includes digital image processing for the images and the creation of GIS database as an integration process are the main procedures to perform the final results.

Colour composite image 741 was rewarded as a suitable processing and the band ratioing of RGB 5/7 2/5 3/1 made it easy to distinct the gray scale texture that denote mineral deposits.

Principal component analysis (PCA) and the reverse PCA or decorrelation stretch are used to remove the high correlation, that commonly found in multispectral data sets, and to produce a more colourful composite image.

Image fusion that merge multispectral image and high spatial panchromatic image which include principal component analysis (PCA), brovey transform (BT), intensity-hue-saturation ( IHS), high pass filtering (HPF), and multiplicative (MLT) techniques have proved the necessity for the use of image fusion in the detailed studies.

The statistical readings of these techniques showed that the brovey transform has the least variation and resembles the readings of mean and standard deviation of the colour composite image, but the PCA and IHS are more efficient techniques in lithological discrimination.

The image has also been processed by supervised classification based on the geologic map of the study area and the ground truth during two periods of field work.

To process the lineaments, the study has been taken into two trends, the first one has analyzed the lineaments structurally to make an endeavour to deduce the stress-strain trajectories that explain the stresses responsible for the fractures and faults.

The other trend has segmented the lineaments in gridding of an area of (10*10) km, and the necessary contour maps of lineament measurements are created.

The integration of the different contour maps yield the localities where the abundance of the significant lineament numbers and intersections are highly concentrated, pointing to the possible sites of groundwater percolation and storing in aquifers.

Ancillary data from groundwater wells has consolidated the relationship of the lineament measurements, and the lithology of overbed deposits and formations and the aquifer lithology with the hydraulic characteristics, i.e.

the specific capacity and transmissivity.

The study area is known by diffuse sedimentary deposits of valuable economic importance.

The raster geologic map is transferred to shapefiles of each of the mineral deposits characteristic of the area.

Some of them are exposed, while the others are found at depths.

The chemical analysis showed the purity and validity of these deposits for cement production and other industries.

Main Subjects

Earth Sciences, Water and Environment
History and Geography

Topics

• Geology
• Iraq
• Remote sensing

No. of Pages

165

Table of Contents

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

Language

English

Data Type

Arab Theses

Record ID

BIM-609818