Extraction of essential oils from citrus by-products using microwave steam distillation
Joint Authors
Salih, Sarah J.
Shakir, Ebtihal K.
Source
Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
Issue
Vol. 16, Issue 3 (31 Dec. 2015), pp.11-22, 12 p.
Publisher
University of Baghdad College of Engineering
Publication Date
2015-12-31
Country of Publication
Iraq
No. of Pages
12
Main Subjects
Topics
Abstract EN
The main objectives of this research is to extract essential oil from: orange ( citrus sinensis), lemon( citrus limon) and mandarin( citrus reticulata) peels by two methods: steam distillation (SD) and microwave assisted steam distillation (MASD), study the effect of extraction conditions (weight of the sample, extraction time, and microwave power, citrus peel type) on oil yield and compare the results of the two methods, the resulting essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC).
Essential oils are highly concentrated substances used for their flavor and therapeutic or odoriferous properties, in a wide selection of products such as foods, medicines and cosmetics.
Extraction of essential oil is one of the most time and effort consuming process.
Microwave-assisted extraction is a green technique for the extraction of natural products.
(MASD) was better than (SD) in terms of rapidity, energy saving and yield.
(MASD) gave higher yield than (SD) with shorter extraction time, yield of orange oil extracted by (MASD) was (1.150%) in (35min.) compared to (1.095%) in (45min.) by (SD) process, same results obtained for lemon and mandarin.
The optimal microwave power was (135W) gave oil yield: (1.150%, 1.115%, 0.940%) for orange, lemon and mandarin respectively, (MASD) increased extraction temperature in short time and to a higher level compared to (SD).
The optimal weight was (398.56gm) gave yield in (SD): (1.095%) and MASD (1.091%) for orange oil, same results obtained for lemon and mandarin.
The best citrus peel type which gave the highest yield was orange followed by lemon then mandarin in both processes.
Limonene is the most abundant component in citrus essential oil, (GC) analysis showed that (SD) was more convenient to give high amount of limonene because of the graduate temperature rise, while in microwave extraction exposure to low microwave
American Psychological Association (APA)
Shakir, Ebtihal K.& Salih, Sarah J.. 2015. Extraction of essential oils from citrus by-products using microwave steam distillation. Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering،Vol. 16, no. 3, pp.11-22.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-624209
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Shakir, Ebtihal K.& Salih, Sarah J.. Extraction of essential oils from citrus by-products using microwave steam distillation. Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Vol. 16, no. 3 (Dec. 2015), pp.11-22.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-624209
American Medical Association (AMA)
Shakir, Ebtihal K.& Salih, Sarah J.. Extraction of essential oils from citrus by-products using microwave steam distillation. Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2015. Vol. 16, no. 3, pp.11-22.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-624209
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references : p. 21-22
Record ID
BIM-624209