Higher education reform and quality assurance in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq : case study of the Lebanese French University

Abstract EN

quality assurance has been a focus of reform by the Kurdistan Regional Government's Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research that involved attempts to improve academic quality and management processes.

The central challenge was to produce change in higher education in a region where administration is patriarchal and bureaucratic.

For this, culturally appropriate plans and processes were needed to monitor progress and respond to obstacles.

However, an inappropriate model and the wrong kind of motivation, as well as other factors, may have distorted reform.