Efficacy of tramadol as analgesic and with ketamine, xylazine and diazepam as anaesthetic in donkeys

Other Title(s)

تأثير الترامادول كمسكن و مع الكيتامين, الزايلازين و الديازيبام كمخدر في الحمير

Dissertant

al-Buzijri, Jasim Muhammad Khalaf

Thesis advisor

al-Faris, Abd al-Bari Abbas Sahi
Majid, Salih Kazim

Comitee Members

Sawad, Ala A.
Muhammad, Hasan Tuma
Isa, Muhammad Jawad

University

University of Basrah

Faculty

Veterinary College

Department

Department of Internal Medicine and Veterinary Surgery

University Country

Iraq

Degree

Master

Degree Date

2013

English Abstract

The present study was assigned to compare the efficacy of different regimes for general anesthesia in donkeys and used Tramadol as being analgesic.

Twenty adult clinically healthy donkeys, different ages (12-30 months) of local breed, weighting between (90- 160 kg) were used in this study.

Donkeys were divided equally into five groups each group consisted of four animals, as the following: Group A Tramadol(T):Four donkeys were used to evaluate analgesic effect of Tramadol (5mg /Kg B.W.) intravenously by jugular vein.

Group B T, Ketamine(K) and Xylazine(X): Four donkeys were used for induction of general anesthesia by intravenous administration of the following drugs: Tramadol hydrochloride 5mg /Kg B.W., Ketamine 2.2 mg/kg B.W and Xylazine 1.1 mg/kg B.W.intravenously.

Group C Diazepam(D), K and X: Four donkeys were used for induction of general anesthesia by administration of the same drugs in the same dose as in group (B) except Tramadol that was replaced by Diazepam 0.11 mg/kg B.W.

Group D(T and K): Four donkeys were used for induction of general anesthesia by administration of Tramadol and Ketamine in the same dose as used in the previous groups.

Group E(T,D and K): Four donkeys were used for induction of general anesthesia by administration of the same drugs in the same dose as previous groups.

Data were collected immediately before intravenous administration of agents and continuously after administration of anesthetic drug agents.

Parameters included clinical observation: heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, at time zero and at 5,10,15,20,25,30, and 60 minutes post injection and analgesia, muscle relaxation, nature and time of induction, time of anesthesia, nature of recovery until the donkeys responds to external stimuli.

The hematological measures (hemoglobin, packed cell volume and white blood cells count) estimated at the time zero,5,10,15,20,25,30, and 60 minutes post injection.

The biochemical examination Alanine aminotransferase (AST), Aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), Urea and Creatnine at time zero, 25 minutes and 3days post injection.

The analgesic protocols Tramadol as minimal degree of muscles relaxation, mild ear analgesia, shivering induction, good analgesia and smooth natural recovery.

Mild decrease in body temperature, increase in heart rate, as well as sharply increase in respiratory rate.

In hematological parameter about WBC`s, Hb and PCV gradually increase and decrease after 20 minutes.

In biochemical evaluation of creatinine and ALT significant difference but urea and AST no significant difference.The histopathological changes showed liver changes indicating metabolic activity induced by treatment but minimal in severity.

The anesthetics protocol of (T and K) and (T,D and K) groups were good muscles relaxation, good ear analgesia and the general anesthesia was good.

The body temperature was slight increase but the heart rate show increase at 5-20 minutes.

In hematological evaluation (WBC`s, Hb and PCV) were increased and then decrease that mean significant differences.

In biochemical parameters there was significant values in creatinine and ALT, associated with histopathological changes in liver minimal in severity.

The protocol anaesthesia of (T,K and X) and (D,K and X) groups were good eye reflexes, muscles relaxant was also moderate, ear analgesia was occurred immediately after injection and smooth recovery.

The body temperature decrease gradually, heart rate increase in both groups, and the respiratory rate was decrease in (T,K and X) group while in (D,K and X) group was increased.

The hematological parameter increase in WBC`s and decrease in PCV and Hb in both groups.

The biochemical parameter creatinine decrease and urea increase in both groups, but ALT increase in (T, K and X) and decrease in (D,K and X), there was no significant difference in AST, histopathological changes in liver indicate metabolism of the compound but minimal in severity.

Main Subjects

Pharmacy, Health & Medical Sciences

No. of Pages

95

Table of Contents

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Language

English

Data Type

Arab Theses

Record ID

BIM-743181