The association of single nucleotide polymorphism of interleukin-21 gene and serum interleukin-21 levels with systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract EN

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune disorder which commonly results from the combined effects of a large number of genes.

Variations in the DNA sequence in the Interleukin-21 (IL-21) gene may lead to altered IL-21 production and / or activity which can affect an individual’s susceptibility to SLE.

IL-21 is a novel class I cytokine produced by activated CD4+ T cells, natural killer T cells and T helper (Th) cells.

There is increasing evidence that IL-21 contributes to the pathogenesis of SLE due to its biological activity.

Aim of the study: To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of IL-21 rs2221903 gene and serum IL-21 levels with SLE and to detect the possible association between IL-21 serum levels and the pathogenesis of the disease.

Subjects and methods: This study was conducted on 30 SLE patients and 20 age and sex matched healthy controls.

Serum IL-21 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique and SNP of IL-21 rs2221903 gene was detected by genotyping assay, using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results: Serum Il-21 levels were significantly higher in patients compared with controls (p< 0.001).

Patients with high activity index of SLE had significantly higher levels of serum IL-21 (p value < 0.001).

A statistically significant association was found between the T allele of SNP rs2221903 and SLE, whereas; no association between SNP of IL-21 rs2221903 genotypes and SLE or serum IL-21 levels could be detected.