ما اختلف في إعماله من الحروف

Abstract EN

Arab grammarians focused on the theory of government.

According to this theory, each particle governs a particular argument, a noun phrase or a verb phrase.

Particles governing verbs allow government to be in accusative and jussive states.

Government is in a genitive state when particles govern nouns.

Other particles are non-governing except those resembling verbs such as the (inna) auxiliary set.

This study investigates the following non-governing particles: (i) the resembling particles used with (lais) such as (la, lata, and in), (ii) the (la) of absolute negation, (iii) the (illa) of exception, (iv) (la„alla), and (v) the vocative particle.

It also discusses the different positions of grammarians on the role of this type of particles with regard to government theory.

The findings of this study are discussed in the conclusion