الملامح الموضوعية و الفنية لبنية قصيدة النقائض بين جرير و الفرزدق : دراسة موازنة لنقيضة مختارة

Abstract EN

Al-Naqaidh” belongs to a particular type of poetry.

It emerged in this domain a long time ago and flourished in Umayyad era at the hands of Jareer، Al-Farazdaq، Al-Akhtal (three famous poets of Umayyad era).

The origin of this word is from “Naqadha” which means ‘destroying’ or ‘conflict with’ or ‘violation’.

In speech، it means the contradiction of the meaning.

In poetry، a poet usually conflicts with another poet (who is his enemy and opponent) in a poetic form by accusing him of being a liar and stating the opposite of whatever the first poet said.

“Naqidha” which was popularized by the three mentioned poets is the singular of “Naqaidh” which means disagreement and confrontation (between two poets).

The ultimate concern of the second poet is to ruin the poem of his opponent.

So if the poem is written in a satirical form، the second poet responds to it in a similar way and sometimes exaggerates in his criticism and attacking.

Likewise، if the poem contains praises (about himself or his tribe and relatives)، the second poet provokes him by stating (in his response in a poetic form as well) that the first poet lies and whatever is said by him in his poem is، in reality، applicable on him (the second poet).

This type of poetry tackles ancestry، relationship، time، achievements، and defects.

The unity of theme and agreement of meaning is obligatory in these types of poems.

It must contain praising، satire، and threatening as well.

“Al-Naqaidh” might sometimes cause behind the existence of poem and prose together.

Satire in poetry between Jareer and Al-farazdaq began when a poet from Al-Farazdaq clan asked him (Al-Farazdaq) to respond to Jareer، and he did so.

Jareer replied to him as well، and it continued and never stopped until the death of Al-Farazdaq.

Their satire focused on belittling each other’s clans (tribes)، disrespecting teach other’s descents، scorning each other’s personalities.

Through reading two poems، called (Al-Naqaidh )، of both poets، it becomes clear how much this type of poetry was developed in Umayyad era.

It actually reached the peak.