High efficacy of praziquantel in schistosoma haematobium-infected children in Taraba state, northeast Nigeria : a follow-up study

Abstract EN

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of praziquantel in reducing urinary schistosomiasis prevalence, parasite burden and morbidity rates among a previously reported sample of Schistosoma haematobiuminfected children.

In addition, predisposing factors for reinfection one year post-treatment were also determined.

Methods: This prospective follow-up study was conducted between March 2014 and February 2015 among 675 previously reported children with urinary schistosomiasis in the Murbai and Surbai communities of Ardo Kola, Taraba State, Nigeria.

A single dose of 40 mg/kg of praziquantel was administered to each infected child, with a second dose administered one month later if necessary.

The number of S.

haematobium eggs in urine samples was calculated at baseline and post-treatment.

Results: At four weeks post-treatment, the overall cure rate was 98.1%.

Among children with low and heavy parasite burdens at baseline, egg reduction rates (ERRs) were 100% and 96.5%, respectively.

The vast majority of children with microhaematuria (98.7%) and proteinuria (98.6%) at baseline were cured at follow-up.

Following a second dose, the ERR, overall and morbidity cure rates increased to 100%.

At one year post-treatment, 272 infected children (40.3%) were re-assessed; of these, 51 children (18.8%) were reinfected.

Close proximity to bodies of water (odds ratio [OR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.998–1.530; P = 0.05) and fishing (OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 0.828–6.040; P = 0.01) were significant factors that predisposed children to reinfection.

Conclusion: A moderate rate of reinfection was noted.

Governmental and nongovernmental organisations in Nigeria should collaborate on