الرسم الإملائي و الرسم العثماني

Abstract EN

Transcription is a symbolization of speech.

Or it is a literacy of sounds.

So transcription means the alphabet or calligraphy.

We can classify transcription in 06 types: 1/ - the spelling transcription used in all languages of the world, 2/ - the Ottoman transcription only on the noble Quran, 3/ - the prosodic transcription followed during the division to Arab poetry, 4/ - the phonetic transcription, Arab and international, 5/ - transcription of Braille, 6/ - the transcription of Morse.

These transcriptions were, in the past and currently, considered various means of communication between humans.

Both orthographic spelling and Ottoman writings are commonly similar in many cases, but different in few cases, including adjustment.

There are ten symbols in orthographic writing: the vowels (fatha , damma, kasra), Tanwin (fathatan, dammatan, kesratan), Sukun, shadda, long alif and the small hamza that are placed above alif, waw, ya and also under the alif.

Whereas in Ottoman writing there are thirty-two symbols.

In addition to the previous ten symbols, this adjustment includes the following: .1.

Long sounds: Alif ( - ), Minor Waw (و), Ya (ﮯ), .2.

Literal adjustment: ج، س، ﺻ ﺲ، ﺻ ﺲ، ﺻ، ص، م، م، ن، لا، صل، قل .3.

Point adjustment: rond-point, three points, .4.

Lozenge adjustment: up some characters (◊-), under certain characters (o“), .5.

Other forms: liaison, rond zero, vertical rectangulaire zero.