نظام الحكم الفرنسي من منظور رواد النهضة العربية : الطهطاوي و الشدياق و خيرالدين نماذجا

Abstract EN

The Arab encounter with the other European since the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the next century revealed the extent to which the "eastern ego" lagged behind the progress of the "western".

Europe appeared to be strong on several levels: militarily, technologically, economically, and scientifically.

Then Arab rulers and the Arab elites asked the question of the progress of the "other Christian".

The writers and the Arab travelers who traveled to the kingdoms of Europe to discuss this problem, and all of them saw the major transformations witnessed by the European political scene, which was a major gateway to Western modernity, unlike the Arab rulers who maintained the systems of governance which did not undergo major changes as they were too much influenced by the classical Islamic political heritage.