أثر أهل الكتاب في نشأة الفرق و بيان أوجه مشابهة الفرق لهم من خلال مصنفات الاعتقاد إلى نهاية القرن الخامس الهجري

Abstract EN

All praise is due to Allah and may Allah exalt and send peace to the messenger of Allah.

To proceed: Allah has explained clearly in His book about the enmity of the People of the Book to the Muslims, and He warned against their plots and deceptions.

Whoever reads the history will see the relationship between the People of the Book and many of the sects that opposed the rest of the Muslims.

Our pious predecessors warned against this danger and plot and explained this relationship.

They warned against the tribulations of the People of the Book very extensively.

The Jewish influence on the Shia: is apparent because all the books of the Salaf have consensus that [the Jew] 'Abdullah bin Saba' is the first person to call to the belief that 'Ali was supposed to be the leader, and that he was the trustee of the prophet.

He also invented the belief of al-Raja' and cursing the companions.

All the books of creed also have consensus that he came to the Muslims with doctrines that he intended to spread creedal chaos between them and open up the door of exoteric interpretations.

The doctrines that he spread was pure Jewish, nor pure Christian, nor pure Zoroastrian, rather they gathered between different religions so he could spread them amongst everyone that had a disease in his heart from these religions.

The Jewish influence on the Jahmiyyah: is also apparent because the foundation of the doctrine of Ta'til and denying the attributes came from the Jews.

The Jewish influence on the Murji'ah and the Qadariyyah: has been mentioned by the Salaf when they said that the Murji'ah has similarities with the Jews, and they also said: "The Qadariyyah spread widely in the city Basra when Jews and Christians became Muslims".

It was evident from the research that the Christians had influence on the origination of the sects.

The Christians had debates and started to spread different kinds of doubts, especially about the predestination.

One of the examples regarding that is the history when Umar was preaching in alJabiyah and the al-Jathliq opposed by saying: "Allah never misguide anyone", and that quote was the foundation of the innovation of the Qadariyyah.

The influence of the Christians was apparent during their translations, because they translated the Christian doctrines that was mixed with Hellenistic philosophy.

The Christian influence on the Jahmiyyah: is showed by the doctrine that the Qur'an is created and its similarities with the Christian doctrine of al-Hulul.

The influence of Christians on Rafidah: is apparent when it comes to their exaggerations.

The Christians exaggerated in their belief in Jesus and the Rafidah exaggerated in their belief in the Imams.

Their influence on the Murji'ah: is clear regarding leaving deeds and relying on the mercy of Allah and His forgiveness in entering Paradise.

The research showed the vastness of the knowledge of the Salaf and their understanding when they opposed the influences of the Jews and the Christians.

They warned against this influence before it appeared, and the explained and fought it after it appeared.

They defamed the leaders of the people of innovation and criticized them severely