تحليل هيدرولوجي للتغيرات المساحية لبحيرة الثرثار

Abstract EN

The study is based on the analysis of the spatial changes in Lake Tharthar and for a limited number of years, a hydrological analysis and the determination of the seriousness of that change.

As the largest lake in Iraq and the second largest artificial water surface in the world with an area of2710 km2, Which is of great importance to the country in order to protect Baghdad from the danger of flooding as well as its importance in irrigation and feeding the Tigris and Euphrates rivers during the Chihod period to meet the shortfall in their discharges.

The lake project was a growth pole for the development of levels Spatial development in The region and neighboring areas, and through the analysis of the space visuals of the surface area of the lake shows the existence of spatial change is the decline of increasing and negative and dangerousئ The area of the lake's water level in 1976 reached 2348.6 km2, while in 2018 it reached 1626.7 km2.

Thus, the area of the decline was (721.9) km2, or 30.7% The concern about the loss of this huge lake is important and efficient.

The reason for this is Turkey's increasing ambitions to use water to develop its economy and use it as a political pressure for Iraq.

This is also the case with Iran.

Therefore, these countries have reduced the imports of the Tigris River and its tributaries to 50% Of its legal share and thus lower lake imports from the Tigris River, As well as the role of climate change, which led to the lack and fluctuation of rainfall year after year and the rise of temperature and significantly, which led to the lack of nutrition of the lake from the network of valleys flowing or the Tigris River and thus increasing drought years of the lake, in addition to the government's considerable neglect of the lake , As well as lack of experience and efficiency of the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources, all factors have reduced the surface area of the lake water and increasingly and continuously, which led to the loss of this huge project of great importance and therefore reflected negatively on the hydrological, economic, social and tourism Agricultural and urban areas of Iraq in general and the study area in particular.