المسجد ذو الفناء الداخلي من التراث إلى المعاصرة : أدواره الوظيفية و البيئية و التشكيلية

Abstract EN

The court inside the mosque in its early architecture represented one of the most important and basic functional, social and environmental elements .In the beginning; mosque was formed out of two elements; covered area, and another open one that represents the “court”, which in most of the mosques was surrounded by arcades from many sides.

The mosques of the Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) and Qubaa contained a court in their original form.

The court represented an extension of prayers area, especially in the occasions of congregational prayers.

After that; the inner court mosque prevailed in many areas in Islamic world such as “Ahmad ibn Tulun” mosque in Egypt, “Cordoba” mosque in Andalusia, “Samarra” and “Great Mosque” in Qairawan, “Al-Azhar” mosque in Cairo, etc.

The court had many functional, environmental, and morphological roles.

The research reviews the history, origin, and concept of the formation of the inner-court mosque, and an analysis of different historical patterns of the court in heritage mosques.

Also, it reviews the factors that influence the court formation, and the relation between the court and spaces inside the mosque, and outside it as well, and also clarifies the morphological vocabulary of the court architecture.

The research also reviews the contemporary developments that affected the court and led to its disappearance.

Finally, the research ends with suggested approaches in order to revitalize the court in a contemporary and unconventional way.