The ameliorative effect of grape seed extract(GSE)‎ on sodium borate-inducing kidney injury of male albino rats

Abstract EN

Borax (sod-borate) is a toxic compound that is implicated daily to environmental pollutant, so occupational exposure leading to adverse effects on functions of some organs causing their damage as nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and testicular atrophy .

In particularly, kidney is the most organ that is affected by borax exposure due to continuous exposure with slow rate of excretion leading to accumulation in the renal tissue.

Supplementation with high potent antioxidant grape seed extract may alleviate the worse damage effects induced in the kidney as a result of continual exposure of borax in our daily life.

The current study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of grape seed extract on renal injury of male albino rats intoxicated with sod-borate.

Twenty eight male albino rats were classified to 4 groups(GI&II&III&IV).GI served as a control, group GII was a group intoxicated with sod-borate for 45 days, where as rats in GIII supplemented with GSE beside sod-borate for 45 days , GIV was a group supplemented with GSE only.

Serum and kidney samples were collected for biochemical, histopathological and DNA examinations.

Significant elevation in the levels of blood urea and creatinine in GII were observed when compared to control group (GI).

Significant decline were prominent in biochemical kidney functions when intoxicated group supplemented with GSE (GIII) , where as non significant changes were observed between control group and group supplemented with GSE only (GIV).

Significant increase in both cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 was observed in group intoxicated with sod-borate (GII) when compared to control rats (GI).

Oral supplementation with high potent antioxidant GSE (GIII) caused alleviation in the kidney injury leading to the reduction of both pro-inflammatory mediator cytokines TNF-α and IL-6.

DNA % fragment migration showed that worse significant migration of DNA fragements were observed in toxicated group(GII) followed by increase in tail length that was evaluated by a fluorescence microscope, but supplementation with GSE (GIII) caused significant improvement with reduction in the percentage of DNA fragements migration contributing to renal tissue recovery.

Corticosteroid levels were elevated in intoxicated group (GII) when compared to control group (GI), whereas significant reduction in the level of corticosteroid were observed when intoxicated rats were supplemented with GSE (GIII).

Histopathological examination showed that orally administration with sod-borate induced worse alteration with sever damage in renal tissue when compared to control.

Supplementation with GSE to intoxicated group resulted in improvement in the damaged renal tissue with mild congestion when compared to intoxicated group .

No histological structure alteration were observed between control group and supplemented group with GSE only.

The present work concluded that GSE may act as a natural therapeutic agent to alleviate and neutralize the nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by Sod-borate.