OFDM channel estimation enhancement using null subcarriers

Abstract EN

This work aimed to study the impact of Alton Kopri wastewater on the Lesser-Zab River water.

Specifically, the study aimed to determine the impacts of the formed wastewater on the Lesser-Zab River using the mass balance principle (MBP) and provide appropriate solutions to this problem.

Fresh samples from Alton Kopri wastewater and the Lesser-Zab River water were collected from February 2013 to September 2013.

The samples were analyzed for temperature, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, total acidity, chloride, turbidity, solids, dissolved oxygen, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, and sulfate.

Results presented graphically demonstrated that Alton Kopri wastewater can be classified as medium- to strongtype wastewater, whereas the Lesser-Zab River can be categorized as a moderately polluted river and moderately hard to hard water.

The application of MBP revealed that Alton Kopri wastewater affected the Lesser-Zab River water; hence, appropriate solutions were outlined to minimize the impact of the former on the water resource and treatment of the latter.