Chronic toxicity effects of 2,4-D herbicide on common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758)‎

Abstract EN

The chronic toxic effects of (2,4-D) herbicide on the common carp was determined by three concentrations(20, 40 and 60)mg/l of eight Cyprinus carpio fish for six weeks.

The behavioral, histological and hematological changes were used as a standard to observe the chronic effects through the study period; they included the clinical symptoms by erratic swimming, hyperactivity, loss of equilibrium with respiratory effects such as rapid gill movement and swim near the water surface.

Blood parameters were changed in Red Blood Cell R.B.C., White Blood Cell W.B.C., Packed Cell Volume P.C.V.,HaemoglobinHb and liver enzyme (GPT & GOT).Values elevated significantly according to the pesticide concentration (P≤0.001) and exposure periods (P≤0.05) in comparison with control.

The histological examination of the gills, liver and kidney of the common carp fish after chronic exposure to 2,4-d herbicide showed pathological changes and alterations such as fusion of the secondary lamella,epithelial lifting ,blood congestion,epithelial hypertrophy of the lamellar epithelium and epithelial necrosis.

In the liver, pathological changes were seen, including hepatocytes hypertrophy, cytoplasmic vacuolation, blood congestion and cellular necrosis.Degenerative changes of the renal epithelium, necrosis in renal tubules and occlusion of the tubular lumen where the pathological alterations in the kidney