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Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Joint Authors
Bogdanos, Dimitrios P.
Billinis, Charalambos
Muratori, Luigi
Smyk, Daniel S.
Invernizzi, Pietro
Rigopoulou, Eirini I.
Pares, Albert
Burroughs, Andrew K.
Source
Journal of Immunology Research
Issue
Vol. 2012, Issue 2012 (31 Dec. 2011), pp.1-11, 11 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2012-05-30
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
11
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease of autoimmune origin, characterised by the destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts.
The disease has an unpredictable clinical course but may progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis.
The diagnostic hallmark of PBC is the presence of disease-specific antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA), which are pathognomonic for the development of PBC.
The disease overwhelmingly affects females, with some cases of male PBC being reported.
The reasons underlying the low incidence of males with PBC are largely unknown.
Epidemiological studies estimate that approximately 7–11% of PBC patients are males.
There does not appear to be any histological, serological, or biochemical differences between male and female PBC, although the symptomatology may differ, with males being at higher risk of life-threatening complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding and hepatoma.
Studies on X chromosome and sex hormones are of interest when studying the low preponderance of PBC in males; however, these studies are far from conclusive.
This paper will critically analyze the literature surrounding PBC in males.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Smyk, Daniel S.& Rigopoulou, Eirini I.& Pares, Albert& Billinis, Charalambos& Burroughs, Andrew K.& Muratori, Luigi…[et al.]. 2012. Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis. Journal of Immunology Research،Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-994537
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Smyk, Daniel S.…[et al.]. Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis. Journal of Immunology Research Vol. 2012, no. 2012 (2011), pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-994537
American Medical Association (AMA)
Smyk, Daniel S.& Rigopoulou, Eirini I.& Pares, Albert& Billinis, Charalambos& Burroughs, Andrew K.& Muratori, Luigi…[et al.]. Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis. Journal of Immunology Research. 2012. Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-994537
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-994537