Macrophages in Tumor Microenvironments and the Progression of Tumors
Joint Authors
Hao, Ning-Bo
Fan, Ya-Han
Lü, Mu-Han
Zhang, Zhi-Ren
Cao, Ya-Ling
Yang, Shi-Ming
Source
Journal of Immunology Research
Issue
Vol. 2012, Issue 2012 (31 Dec. 2011), pp.1-11, 11 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2012-06-19
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
11
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Macrophages are widely distributed innate immune cells that play indispensable roles in the innate and adaptive immune response to pathogens and in-tissue homeostasis.
Macrophages can be activated by a variety of stimuli and polarized to functionally different phenotypes.
Two distinct subsets of macrophages have been proposed, including classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages.
M1 macrophages express a series of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and effector molecules, such as IL-12, IL-23, TNF-α, iNOS and MHCI/II.
In contrast, M2 macrophages express a wide array of anti-inflammatory molecules, such as IL-10, TGF-β, and arginase1.
In most tumors, the infiltrated macrophages are considered to be of the M2 phenotype, which provides an immunosuppressive microenvironment for tumor growth.
Furthermore, tumor-associated macrophages secrete many cytokines, chemokines, and proteases, which promote tumor angiogenesis, growth, metastasis, and immunosuppression.
Recently, it was also found that tumor-associated macrophages interact with cancer stem cells.
This interaction leads to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance.
So mediating macrophage to resist tumors is considered to be potential therapy.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Hao, Ning-Bo& Lü, Mu-Han& Fan, Ya-Han& Cao, Ya-Ling& Zhang, Zhi-Ren& Yang, Shi-Ming. 2012. Macrophages in Tumor Microenvironments and the Progression of Tumors. Journal of Immunology Research،Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-996930
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Hao, Ning-Bo…[et al.]. Macrophages in Tumor Microenvironments and the Progression of Tumors. Journal of Immunology Research Vol. 2012, no. 2012 (2011), pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-996930
American Medical Association (AMA)
Hao, Ning-Bo& Lü, Mu-Han& Fan, Ya-Han& Cao, Ya-Ling& Zhang, Zhi-Ren& Yang, Shi-Ming. Macrophages in Tumor Microenvironments and the Progression of Tumors. Journal of Immunology Research. 2012. Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-996930
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-996930