تطور كفاءة الاتصال عند الأطفال العراقيين و فقدان الوالدين

الملخص EN

The current research aims to know the efficiency of communication in children at the ages (5, 6, 7, 8) years, and the loss of parents.

The research sample included (460) children by (240) children without parents, including (120) children without a father, and (120) children without a mother.

And (220) children living with their parents, and the sample was chosen by the simple stratified random method.

The aim of the research is to know the significance of the differences in communication efficiency according to the variables (age, gender, status.) The researcher has adopted the Dewart & Summers (1995) scale to measure the efficiency of communication, which consists of (29) questions distributed over (4) areas that include (communication functions, response to communication, dialogue and conversation, situation diversity).

In order to use this tool, the researcher performed a set of procedures, including translating the scale into Arabic, and extracting the validity of the translation for it.

The researcher also extracted the psychometric properties of the scale, as three types of validity were used in the research (apparent validity, constructive validity, and factorial honesty).

To calculate the stability in the current research scale, the researcher adopted the stability coefficient by Alpha Cronbach's method for internal consistency, as the reliability coefficient was (0.82.) The research concluded the following results: 1- Communication competence is formed in children who are not missing at the age of (6) years, while it was formed in children without parents at the age of (7) years.

2- The communication competence of children without parents and without parents takes a developmental path through the ages of (5, 6, 7, 8) years.

-3There are no statistically significant differences in communication efficiency among children with and without parents, according to the gender variable.

The research came out with a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.