التفاؤل غير الواقعي لدى طلبة المرحلة الإعدادية في مدينة الموصل

الملخص EN

The current research aims to find out: 1- Unrealistic optimism among middle school students.

2- The differences in the level of unrealistic optimism according to the variables: - (stage, gender, specialization).

The current research is limited to middle school students in the scientific and literary branch in the morning studies in the city of Mosul, the center of Nineveh Governorate, for the academic year (2020-2021) As for the research method, the researchers used the descriptive method in the survey method because it is the most appropriate method for the nature of the research.

As for the research community, the current research community is determined by the students of the preparatory stage (fourth and fifth) scientific and literary for the academic year (2020-2021) AD and after determining the research community, which, as I mentioned above, reaches about (25,344) students and because the research community consists of students of the fourth and fifth scientific and literary stages distributed On the schools of Nineveh Governorate, so the researchers chose the research sample randomly, and thus the research sample consisted of (760) male and female students for the academic year (2020-2021.( The research also consisted of a tool that included on the scale (unrealistic optimism), which in its final form consists of (39) paragraphs with four alternatives (applies to me always, applies to me often, applies to me sometimes, applies to me rarely) a paragraph with four alternatives, which is (applies to me).

Always, applies to me often, applies to me sometimes, applies to me).

Appendix (2) The apparent validity of the tool was also confirmed by presenting it to the experts and arbitrators Appendix (1), and the value of the reliability by the re-test method was (0.81).

As for the statistical methods, the researchers used the following statistical means In light of the research results, the researchers reached some of the following conclusions: 1- Preparatory school students have a medium level of unrealistic optimism, which means that the research sample and both genders (males - females) and specialists (scientific - literary), have a level of unrealistic optimism 2 -The absence of a statistically significant difference between the research sample by (school stage) and in favor of the fifth preparatory grade in the level of unrealistic optimism.