الخلافة الإسلامية في المنظور الاستشراقي

الملخص EN

The orientalist Barnaby Rogerson confirms that the presence of the Prophet, may God bless him and his family and grant him peace with his great personality, dominated all the disputes, but after the death of the Prophet, the nature of the city was somewhat different, as both the Sunni and Shiite heritages represent one belief, and each of the great caliphs of Islam dominated.

Although one of these caliphs has the right to a caliphate after the Holy Prophet, may God bless him and his family and grant him peace, each of these caliphs has his own method of practicing his caliphate from the point of view of the author.