Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus : A Review of the Literature

الملخص EN

About one-third of patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus have ocular manifestations.

The most common manifestation is keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

The most vision threatening are retinal vasculitis and optic neuritis/neuropathy.

Prompt diagnosis and treatment of eye disease is paramount as they are often associated with high levels of systemic inflammation and end-organ damage.

Initial management with high-dose oral or IV corticosteroids is often necessary.

Multiple “steroid-sparing” treatment options exist with the most recently studied being biologic agents.