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Natural Treatment Systems as Sustainable Ecotechnologies for the Developing Countries
Joint Authors
Zeb, Bibi Saima
Pervez, Arshid
Zaffar, Habiba
Yaqoob, Hajra
Waseem, Muhammad
Zahidullah, Muhammad
Afsheen, Sumera
Mahmood, Qaisar
Source
Issue
Vol. 2013, Issue 2013 (31 Dec. 2013), pp.1-19, 19 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2013-06-26
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
19
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
The purpose of natural treatment systems is the re-establishment of disturbed ecosystems and their sustainability for benefits to human and nature.
The working of natural treatment systems on ecological principles and their sustainability in terms of low cost, low energy consumption, and low mechanical technology is highly desirable.
The current review presents pros and cons of the natural treatment systems, their performance, and recent developments to use them in the treatment of various types of wastewaters.
Fast population growth and economic pressure in some developing countries compel the implementation of principles of natural treatment to protect natural environment.
The employment of these principles for waste treatment not only helps in environmental cleanup but also conserves biological communities.
The systems particularly suit developing countries of the world.
We reviewed information on constructed wetlands, vermicomposting, role of mangroves, land treatment systems, soil-aquifer treatment, and finally aquatic systems for waste treatment.
Economic cost and energy requirements to operate various kinds of natural treatment systems were also reviewed.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Mahmood, Qaisar& Pervez, Arshid& Zeb, Bibi Saima& Zaffar, Habiba& Yaqoob, Hajra& Waseem, Muhammad…[et al.]. 2013. Natural Treatment Systems as Sustainable Ecotechnologies for the Developing Countries. BioMed Research International،Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-19.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1030928
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Mahmood, Qaisar…[et al.]. Natural Treatment Systems as Sustainable Ecotechnologies for the Developing Countries. BioMed Research International No. 2013 (2013), pp.1-19.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1030928
American Medical Association (AMA)
Mahmood, Qaisar& Pervez, Arshid& Zeb, Bibi Saima& Zaffar, Habiba& Yaqoob, Hajra& Waseem, Muhammad…[et al.]. Natural Treatment Systems as Sustainable Ecotechnologies for the Developing Countries. BioMed Research International. 2013. Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-19.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1030928
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1030928