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Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites and AttentionDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Learning Disability, and Special Education in U.S. Children Aged 6 to 15
Joint Authors
Roy, Ananya
Herbstman, Julie B.
Ettinger, Adrienne S.
Abid, Zaynah
Source
Journal of Environmental and Public Health
Issue
Vol. 2014, Issue 2014 (31 Dec. 2014), pp.1-10, 10 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2014-01-30
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
10
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adversely affects child neurodevelopment, but little is known about the relationship between PAHs and clinically significant developmental disorders.
We examined the relationship between childhood measures of PAH exposure and prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disability (LD), and special education (SE) in a nationally representative sample of 1,257 U.S.
children 6–15 years of age.
Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2004.
PAH exposure was measured by urinary metabolite concentrations.
Outcomes were defined by parental report of (1) ever doctor-diagnosed ADHD, (2) ever doctor- or school representative-identified LD, and (3) receipt of SE or early intervention services.
Multivariate logistic regression accounting for survey sampling was used to determine the associations between PAH metabolites and ADHD, LD, and SE.
Children exposed to higher levels of fluorine metabolites had a 2-fold increased odds (95% C.I.
1.1, 3.8) of SE, and this association was more apparent in males (OR 2.3; 95% C.I.
1.2, 4.1) than in females (OR 1.8; 95% C.I.
0.6, 5.4).
No other consistent pattern of developmental disorders was associated with urinary PAH metabolites.
However, concurrent exposure to PAH fluorine metabolites may increase use of special education services among U.S.
children.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Abid, Zaynah& Roy, Ananya& Herbstman, Julie B.& Ettinger, Adrienne S.. 2014. Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites and AttentionDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Learning Disability, and Special Education in U.S. Children Aged 6 to 15. Journal of Environmental and Public Health،Vol. 2014, no. 2014, pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1040582
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Abid, Zaynah…[et al.]. Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites and AttentionDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Learning Disability, and Special Education in U.S. Children Aged 6 to 15. Journal of Environmental and Public Health No. 2014 (2014), pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1040582
American Medical Association (AMA)
Abid, Zaynah& Roy, Ananya& Herbstman, Julie B.& Ettinger, Adrienne S.. Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites and AttentionDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Learning Disability, and Special Education in U.S. Children Aged 6 to 15. Journal of Environmental and Public Health. 2014. Vol. 2014, no. 2014, pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1040582
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1040582