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Antinociceptive Effects of Spinal Manipulative Therapy on Nociceptive Behavior of Adult Rats during the Formalin Test
Joint Authors
Reed, William R.
Onifer, Stephen M.
Sozio, Randall S.
Long, Cynthia R.
Source
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Issue
Vol. 2015, Issue 2015 (31 Dec. 2015), pp.1-9, 9 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2015-11-26
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
9
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Optimizing pain relief resulting from spinal manipulative therapies, including low velocity variable amplitude spinal manipulation (LVVA-SM), requires determining their mechanisms.
Pain models that incorporate simulated spinal manipulative therapy treatments are needed for these studies.
The antinociceptive effects of a single LVVA-SM treatment on rat nociceptive behavior during the commonly used formalin test were investigated.
Dilute formalin was injected subcutaneously into a plantar hindpaw.
Licking behavior was video-recorded for 5 minutes.
Ten minutes of LVVA-SM at 20° flexion was administered with a custom-made device at the lumbar (L5) vertebra of isoflurane-anesthetized experimental rats ( n = 12 ) beginning 10 minutes after formalin injection.
Hindpaw licking was video-recorded for 60 minutes beginning 5 minutes after LVVA-SM.
Control rats ( n = 12 ) underwent the same methods except for LVVA-SM.
The mean times spent licking the formalin-injected hindpaw of both groups 1–5 minutes after injection were not different.
The mean licking time during the first 20 minutes post-LVVA-SM of experimental rats was significantly less than that of control rats ( P < 0.001 ).
The mean licking times of both groups during the second and third 20 minutes post-LVVA-SM were not different.
Administration of LVVA-SM had a short-term, remote antinociceptive effect similar to clinical findings.
Therefore, mechanistic investigations using this experimental approach are warranted.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Onifer, Stephen M.& Reed, William R.& Sozio, Randall S.& Long, Cynthia R.. 2015. Antinociceptive Effects of Spinal Manipulative Therapy on Nociceptive Behavior of Adult Rats during the Formalin Test. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine،Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1062411
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Onifer, Stephen M.…[et al.]. Antinociceptive Effects of Spinal Manipulative Therapy on Nociceptive Behavior of Adult Rats during the Formalin Test. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine No. 2015 (2015), pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1062411
American Medical Association (AMA)
Onifer, Stephen M.& Reed, William R.& Sozio, Randall S.& Long, Cynthia R.. Antinociceptive Effects of Spinal Manipulative Therapy on Nociceptive Behavior of Adult Rats during the Formalin Test. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015. Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1062411
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1062411