GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective
Joint Authors
Adela, Ramu
Banerjee, Sanjay K.
Source
Issue
Vol. 2015, Issue 2015 (31 Dec. 2015), pp.1-14, 14 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2015-07-27
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
14
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress responsive cytokine.
It is highly expressed in cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells in normal and pathological condition.
GDF-15 increases during tissue injury and inflammatory states and is associated with cardiometabolic risk.
Increased GDF-15 levels are associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertrophy, heart failure, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases in diabetes.
Increased GDF-15 level is linked with the progression and prognosis of the disease condition.
Age, smoking, and environmental factors are other risk factors that may increase GDF-15 level.
Most of the scientific studies reported that GDF-15 plays a protective role in different tissues.
However, few reports show that the deficiency of GDF-15 is beneficial against vascular injury and inflammation.
GDF-15 protects heart, adipose tissue, and endothelial cells by inhibiting JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), Bad (Bcl-2-associated death promoter), and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and activating Smad, eNOS, PI3K, and AKT signaling pathways.
The present review describes the different animal and clinical studies and patent updates of GDF-15 in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
It is a challenge for the scientific community to use GDF-15 information for patient monitoring, clinical decision-making, and replacement of current treatment strategies for diabetic and cardiovascular diseases.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Adela, Ramu& Banerjee, Sanjay K.. 2015. GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective. Journal of Diabetes Research،Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-14.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1067925
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Adela, Ramu& Banerjee, Sanjay K.. GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective. Journal of Diabetes Research No. 2015 (2015), pp.1-14.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1067925
American Medical Association (AMA)
Adela, Ramu& Banerjee, Sanjay K.. GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2015. Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-14.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1067925
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1067925