Reversible Watermarking Using Prediction-Error Expansion and Extreme Learning Machine
Joint Authors
Gao, Guangyong
Zhou, Caixue
Cui, Zongmin
Source
Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Issue
Vol. 2015, Issue 2015 (31 Dec. 2015), pp.1-12, 12 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2015-08-18
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
12
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Currently, the research for reversible watermarking focuses on the decreasing of image distortion.
Aiming at this issue, this paper presents an improvement method to lower the embedding distortion based on the prediction-error expansion (PE) technique.
Firstly, the extreme learning machine (ELM) with good generalization ability is utilized to enhance the prediction accuracy for image pixel value during the watermarking embedding, and the lower prediction error results in the reduction of image distortion.
Moreover, an optimization operation for strengthening the performance of ELM is taken to further lessen the embedding distortion.
With two popular predictors, that is, median edge detector (MED) predictor and gradient-adjusted predictor (GAP), the experimental results for the classical images and Kodak image set indicate that the proposed scheme achieves improvement for the lowering of image distortion compared with the classical PE scheme proposed by Thodi et al.
and outperforms the improvement method presented by Coltuc and other existing approaches.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Gao, Guangyong& Zhou, Caixue& Cui, Zongmin. 2015. Reversible Watermarking Using Prediction-Error Expansion and Extreme Learning Machine. Mathematical Problems in Engineering،Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1074415
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Gao, Guangyong…[et al.]. Reversible Watermarking Using Prediction-Error Expansion and Extreme Learning Machine. Mathematical Problems in Engineering No. 2015 (2015), pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1074415
American Medical Association (AMA)
Gao, Guangyong& Zhou, Caixue& Cui, Zongmin. Reversible Watermarking Using Prediction-Error Expansion and Extreme Learning Machine. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. 2015. Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1074415
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1074415