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Extragenital Infections Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Review of the Literature
Joint Authors
Cu-Uvin, Susan
Chapin, Kimberly
Chan, Philip A.
Robinette, Ashley
Montgomery, Madeline
Almonte, Alexi
Lonks, John R.
Kojic, Erna M.
Hardy, Erica J.
Source
Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Issue
Vol. 2016, Issue 2016 (31 Dec. 2016), pp.1-17, 17 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2016-06-05
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
17
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
In the United States, sexually transmitted diseases due to Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae continue to be a major public health burden.
Screening of extragenital sites including the oropharynx and rectum is an emerging practice based on recent studies highlighting the prevalence of infection at these sites.
We reviewed studies reporting the prevalence of extragenital infections in women, men who have sex with men (MSM), and men who have sex only with women (MSW), including distribution by anatomical site.
Among women, prevalence was found to be 0.6–35.8% for rectal gonorrhea (median reported prevalence 1.9%), 0–29.6% for pharyngeal gonorrhea (median 2.1%), 2.0–77.3% for rectal chlamydia (median 8.7%), and 0.2–3.2% for pharyngeal chlamydia (median 1.7%).
Among MSM, prevalence was found to be 0.2–24.0% for rectal gonorrhea (median 5.9%), 0.5–16.5% for pharyngeal gonorrhea (median 4.6%), 2.1–23.0% for rectal chlamydia (median 8.9%), and 0–3.6% for pharyngeal chlamydia (median 1.7%).
Among MSW, the prevalence was found to be 0–5.7% for rectal gonorrhea (median 3.4%), 0.4–15.5% for pharyngeal gonorrhea (median 2.2%), 0–11.8% for rectal chlamydia (median 7.7%), and 0–22.0% for pharyngeal chlamydia (median 1.6%).
Extragenital infections are often asymptomatic and found in the absence of reported risk behaviors, such as receptive anal and oral intercourse.
We discuss current clinical recommendations and future directions for research.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Chan, Philip A.& Robinette, Ashley& Montgomery, Madeline& Almonte, Alexi& Cu-Uvin, Susan& Lonks, John R.…[et al.]. 2016. Extragenital Infections Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Review of the Literature. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology،Vol. 2016, no. 2016, pp.1-17.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1104874
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Chan, Philip A.…[et al.]. Extragenital Infections Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Review of the Literature. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 2016 (2016), pp.1-17.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1104874
American Medical Association (AMA)
Chan, Philip A.& Robinette, Ashley& Montgomery, Madeline& Almonte, Alexi& Cu-Uvin, Susan& Lonks, John R.…[et al.]. Extragenital Infections Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Review of the Literature. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2016. Vol. 2016, no. 2016, pp.1-17.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1104874
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1104874