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Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Students
Joint Authors
Davis, Amy L.
Harvey, Erin M.
Twelker, J. Daniel
Miller, Joseph M.
Leonard-Green, Tina
Campus, Irene
Source
Issue
Vol. 2016, Issue 2016 (31 Dec. 2016), pp.1-7, 7 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2016-07-20
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
7
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Purpose.
To determine rate of convergence insufficiency (CI) and accommodative insufficiency (AI) and assess the relation between CI, AI, visual symptoms, and astigmatism in school-age children.
Methods.
3rd–8th-grade students completed the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) and binocular vision testing with correction if prescribed.
Students were categorized by astigmatism magnitude (no/low: <1.00 D, moderate: 1.00 D to <3.00 D, and high: ≥3.00 D), presence/absence of clinical signs of CI and AI, and presence of symptoms.
Analyses determine rate of clinical CI and AI and symptomatic CI and AI and assessed the relation between CI, AI, visual symptoms, and astigmatism.
Results.
In the sample of 484 students (11.67 ± 1.81 years of age), rate of symptomatic CI was 6.2% and symptomatic AI 18.2%.
AI was more common in students with CI than without CI.
Students with AI only ( p = 0.02 ) and with CI and AI ( p = 0.001 ) had higher symptom scores than students with neither CI nor AI.
Moderate and high astigmats were not at increased risk for CI or AI.
Conclusions.
With-the-rule astigmats are not at increased risk for CI or AI.
High comorbidity rates of CI and AI and higher symptoms scores with AI suggest that research is needed to determine symptomatology specific to CI.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Davis, Amy L.& Harvey, Erin M.& Twelker, J. Daniel& Miller, Joseph M.& Leonard-Green, Tina& Campus, Irene. 2016. Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Students. Journal of Ophthalmology،Vol. 2016, no. 2016, pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1110040
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Davis, Amy L.…[et al.]. Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Students. Journal of Ophthalmology No. 2016 (2016), pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1110040
American Medical Association (AMA)
Davis, Amy L.& Harvey, Erin M.& Twelker, J. Daniel& Miller, Joseph M.& Leonard-Green, Tina& Campus, Irene. Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Students. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2016. Vol. 2016, no. 2016, pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1110040
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1110040