D-Amino Acids in the Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Joint Authors
Kiriyama, Yoshimitsu
Nochi, Hiromi
Source
Issue
Vol. 2016, Issue 2016 (31 Dec. 2016), pp.1-9, 9 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2016-12-08
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
9
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Amino acids are important components for peptides and proteins and act as signal transmitters.
Only L-amino acids have been considered necessary in mammals, including humans.
However, diverse D-amino acids, such as D-serine, D-aspartate, D-alanine, and D-cysteine, are found in mammals.
Physiological roles of these D-amino acids not only in the nervous system but also in the endocrine system are being gradually revealed.
N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are associated with learning and memory.
D-Serine, D-aspartate, and D-alanine can all bind to NMDA receptors.
H2S generated from D-cysteine reduces disulfide bonds in receptors and potentiates their activity.
Aberrant receptor activity is related to diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and schizophrenia.
Furthermore, D-amino acids are detected in parts of the endocrine system, such as the pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pancreas, adrenal gland, and testis.
D-Aspartate is being investigated for the regulation of hormone release from various endocrine organs.
Here we focused on recent findings regarding the synthesis and physiological functions of D-amino acids in the nervous and endocrine systems.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Kiriyama, Yoshimitsu& Nochi, Hiromi. 2016. D-Amino Acids in the Nervous and Endocrine Systems. Scientifica،Vol. 2016, no. 2016, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1117835
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Kiriyama, Yoshimitsu& Nochi, Hiromi. D-Amino Acids in the Nervous and Endocrine Systems. Scientifica No. 2016 (2016), pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1117835
American Medical Association (AMA)
Kiriyama, Yoshimitsu& Nochi, Hiromi. D-Amino Acids in the Nervous and Endocrine Systems. Scientifica. 2016. Vol. 2016, no. 2016, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1117835
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1117835