The Efficacy of Single-Dose versus Double-Dose Praziquantel Treatments on Schistosoma mansoni Infections: Its Implication on Undernutrition and Anaemia among Primary Schoolchildren in Two On-Shore Communities, Northwestern Tanzania

Abstract EN

Administering more than one treatment may increase Praziquantel cure and egg reduction rates, thereby hastening achievement of schistosomiasis transmission control.

A total of 431 S.

mansoni-infected schoolchildren were randomized to receive either a single or repeated 40 mg/kg Praziquantel dose.

Heights, weights, and haemoglobin levels were determined using a stadiometer, weighing scale, and HemoCue, respectively.

At 8 weeks, cure rate was higher on repeated dose (93.10%) compared to single dose (68.68%) (p<0.001).

The egg reduction rate was higher on repeated dose (97.54%) compared to single dose (87.27%) (p=0.0062).

Geometric mean egg intensity was lower among those on repeated dose (1.30 epg) compared to single dose (3.18 epg) (p=0.036) but not at 5 (p>0.05) and 8 (p>0.05) months with no difference in reinfection rate.

No difference in the prevalence of stunting was observed between the two treatment regimens (p>0.05) at 8 months, but there was an increase in the prevalence of wasting among those on repeated dose (p<0.001).

There was an increase in the mean haemoglobin levels at 8 months with no difference between the two arms (p>0.05).

To achieve reduction of transmission intensity and disease control in highly endemic areas, repeated treatments alone may not be sufficient.

This trial was registered with PACTR201601001416338.