Early Human Migrations (ca. 13,000 Years Ago) or Postcontact Europeans for the Earliest Spread of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis to the Americas
Author
Source
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases
Issue
Vol. 2017, Issue 2017 (31 Dec. 2017), pp.1-8, 8 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2017-11-09
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
8
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
For over a century, it has been widely accepted that leprosy did not exist in the Americas before the arrival of Europeans.
This proposition was based on a combination of historical, paleopathological, and representational studies.
Further support came from molecular studies in 2005 and 2009 that four Mycobacterium leprae single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and then 16 SNP subtypes correlated with general geographic regions, suggesting the M.
leprae subtypes in the Americas were consistent with European strains.
Shortly thereafter, a number of studies proposed that leprosy first came to the Americas with human migrations around 12,000 or 13,000 years ago.
These studies are based primarily on subsequent molecular data, especially the discovery of a new leprosy species Mycobacterium lepromatosis and its close association with diffuse lepromatous leprosy, a severe, aggressive form of lepromatous leprosy, which is most common in Mexico and the Caribbean Islands.
A review of these and subsequent molecular data finds no evidence for either leprosy species in the Americas before the arrival of Europeans, and strains of both species of leprosy found in eastern Mexico, Caribbean Islands, and Brazil came from Europe while strains found in western Mexico are consistent with their arrival via direct voyages from the Philippines.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Mark, Samuel. 2017. Early Human Migrations (ca. 13,000 Years Ago) or Postcontact Europeans for the Earliest Spread of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis to the Americas. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases،Vol. 2017, no. 2017, pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1169852
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Mark, Samuel. Early Human Migrations (ca. 13,000 Years Ago) or Postcontact Europeans for the Earliest Spread of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis to the Americas. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases No. 2017 (2017), pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1169852
American Medical Association (AMA)
Mark, Samuel. Early Human Migrations (ca. 13,000 Years Ago) or Postcontact Europeans for the Earliest Spread of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis to the Americas. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases. 2017. Vol. 2017, no. 2017, pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1169852
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1169852