![](/images/graphics-bg.png)
Sex-Related Differences in Immune Response and Symptomatic Manifestations to Infection with Leishmania Species
Joint Authors
Lockard, Ryan D.
Wilson, Mary E.
Rodríguez, Nilda E.
Source
Journal of Immunology Research
Issue
Vol. 2019, Issue 2019 (31 Dec. 2019), pp.1-14, 14 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2019-01-10
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
14
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Worldwide, an estimated 12 million people are infected with Leishmania spp.
and an additional 350 million are at risk of infection.
Leishmania are intracellular parasites that cause disease by suppressing macrophage microbicidal responses.
Infection can remain asymptomatic or lead to a spectrum of diseases including cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis.
Ultimately, the combination of both pathogen and host factors determines the outcome of infection.
Leishmaniasis, as well as numerous other infectious diseases, exhibits sex-related differences that cannot be explained solely in terms of environmental exposure or healthcare access.
Furthermore, transcriptomic evidence is revealing that biological sex is a variable impacting physiology, immune response, drug metabolism, and consequently, the progression of disease.
Herein, we review the distribution, morbidity, and mortality among male and female leishmaniasis patients.
Additionally, we discuss experimental findings and new avenues of research concerning sex-specific responses in cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis.
The limitations of current therapies and the emergence of drug-resistant parasites underscore the need for new treatments that could harness the host immune response.
As such, understanding the mechanisms driving the differential immune response and disease outcome of males versus females is a necessary step in the development of safer and more effective treatments against leishmaniasis.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Lockard, Ryan D.& Wilson, Mary E.& Rodríguez, Nilda E.. 2019. Sex-Related Differences in Immune Response and Symptomatic Manifestations to Infection with Leishmania Species. Journal of Immunology Research،Vol. 2019, no. 2019, pp.1-14.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1176172
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Lockard, Ryan D.…[et al.]. Sex-Related Differences in Immune Response and Symptomatic Manifestations to Infection with Leishmania Species. Journal of Immunology Research No. 2019 (2019), pp.1-14.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1176172
American Medical Association (AMA)
Lockard, Ryan D.& Wilson, Mary E.& Rodríguez, Nilda E.. Sex-Related Differences in Immune Response and Symptomatic Manifestations to Infection with Leishmania Species. Journal of Immunology Research. 2019. Vol. 2019, no. 2019, pp.1-14.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1176172
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1176172