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Prenatal and Postnatal Epigenetic Programming : Implications for GI, Immune, and Neuronal Function in Autism
Joint Authors
Trivedi, Malav
Waly, Mostafa I.
Kini, Radhika
Hornig, Mady
Deth, Richard C.
Ohta, Akio
Hodgson, Nathaniel
Source
Issue
Vol. 2012, Issue 2012 (31 Dec. 2012), pp.1-13, 13 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2012-06-19
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
13
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Although autism is first and foremost a disorder of the central nervous system, comorbid dysfunction of the gastrointestinal (GI) and immune systems is common, suggesting that all three systems may be affected by common molecular mechanisms.
Substantial systemic deficits in the antioxidant glutathione and its precursor, cysteine, have been documented in autism in association with oxidative stress and impaired methylation.
DNA and histone methylation provide epigenetic regulation of gene expression during prenatal and postnatal development.
Prenatal epigenetic programming (PrEP) can be affected by the maternal metabolic and nutritional environment, whereas postnatal epigenetic programming (PEP) importantly depends upon nutritional support provided through the GI tract.
Cysteine absorption from the GI tract is a crucial determinant of antioxidant capacity, and systemic deficits of glutathione and cysteine in autism are likely to reflect impaired cysteine absorption.
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) provides cysteine uptake for GI epithelial, neuronal, and immune cells, and its activity is decreased during oxidative stress.
Based upon these observations, we propose that neurodevelopmental, GI, and immune aspects of autism each reflect manifestations of inadequate antioxidant capacity, secondary to impaired cysteine uptake by the GI tract.
Genetic and environmental factors that adversely affect antioxidant capacity can disrupt PrEP and/or PEP, increasing vulnerability to autism.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Waly, Mostafa I.& Hornig, Mady& Trivedi, Malav& Hodgson, Nathaniel& Kini, Radhika& Ohta, Akio…[et al.]. 2012. Prenatal and Postnatal Epigenetic Programming : Implications for GI, Immune, and Neuronal Function in Autism. Autism Research and Treatment،Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-13.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-453203
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Waly, Mostafa I.…[et al.]. Prenatal and Postnatal Epigenetic Programming : Implications for GI, Immune, and Neuronal Function in Autism. Autism Research and Treatment No. 2012 (2012), pp.1-13.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-453203
American Medical Association (AMA)
Waly, Mostafa I.& Hornig, Mady& Trivedi, Malav& Hodgson, Nathaniel& Kini, Radhika& Ohta, Akio…[et al.]. Prenatal and Postnatal Epigenetic Programming : Implications for GI, Immune, and Neuronal Function in Autism. Autism Research and Treatment. 2012. Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-13.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-453203
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-453203