Anthraquinone Content in Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.)
Joint Authors
Hennig, Lothar
Kutchan, Toni M.
Feng, Xi
Giannis, Athanassios
Ortwein, Jutta
Bussmann, Rainer W.
Source
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Issue
Vol. 2013, Issue 2013 (31 Dec. 2013), pp.1-5, 5 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2013-08-26
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
5
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Noni has been used in traditional medicine and as food for thousands of years.
While the fruits serve as food and internal medicine, leaves were traditionally used only topically.
In recent years, concern regarding the possible content of anthraquinones in noni has led to scrutiny by the European Food Safety Authority.
Little research existed on the content of anthraquinones in different noni preparations, with no information about the potential effect of harvest and preparation methods.
Our research focused on lucidin, alizarin, and rubiadin, the most important anthraquinones from a health perspective.
We found that the production process (fermentation/juice production versus drying/lyophilization) has no effect on the anthraquinone content.
The source product, however, does have implications: noni fruit puree from which seeds had been removed as well as consumer products produced from such puree had no detectable amounts of any anthraquinones.
Products that did contain seed or leaf material in all cases did contain partly significant amounts of anthraquinones.
To alleviate safety concerns, we suggest that noni products, whether fermented or unfermented juice or powder, should be derived only from fully ripe noni fruits, and that any seed material needs to be removed during the production process.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Bussmann, Rainer W.& Hennig, Lothar& Giannis, Athanassios& Ortwein, Jutta& Kutchan, Toni M.& Feng, Xi. 2013. Anthraquinone Content in Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine،Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-5.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-454640
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Bussmann, Rainer W.…[et al.]. Anthraquinone Content in Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine No. 2013 (2013), pp.1-5.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-454640
American Medical Association (AMA)
Bussmann, Rainer W.& Hennig, Lothar& Giannis, Athanassios& Ortwein, Jutta& Kutchan, Toni M.& Feng, Xi. Anthraquinone Content in Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013. Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-5.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-454640
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-454640