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Plasma Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, and Causation
Joint Authors
Freeman, Michael D.
Kohles, Sean S.
Source
Journal of Environmental and Public Health
Issue
Vol. 2012, Issue 2012 (31 Dec. 2012), pp.1-15, 15 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2012-04-03
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
15
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbons that have extensively polluted the environment and bioaccumulated in the food chain.
PCBs have been deemed to be probable carcinogens by the Environmental Protection Agency, and exposure to high levels of PCBs has been consistently linked to increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
In the present article we present a forensic epidemiologic evaluation of the causal relationship between NHL and elevated PCB levels via application of the Bradford-Hill criteria.
Included in the evaluation is a meta-analysis of the results of previously published case-control studies in order to assess the strength of association between NHL and PCBs, resulting in an odds ratio in which the lowest percentile PCB concentration (quartile, quintile, or tertile) has been compared with the highest percentile concentration in the study groups.
The weight-adjusted odds ratio for all PCB congeners was 1.43 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.31 to 1.55, indicating a statistically significant causal association with NHL.
Because of the lack of an unexposed comparison group, a rationale for the use of a less than 2.0 relative risk causal contribution threshold is presented herein, including an ecologic analysis of NHL incidence and PCB accumulation (as measured by sales volume) over time.
The overall results presented here indicate a strong general causal association between NHL and PCB exposure.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Freeman, Michael D.& Kohles, Sean S.. 2012. Plasma Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, and Causation. Journal of Environmental and Public Health،Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-15.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-458136
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Freeman, Michael D.& Kohles, Sean S.. Plasma Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, and Causation. Journal of Environmental and Public Health No. 2012 (2012), pp.1-15.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-458136
American Medical Association (AMA)
Freeman, Michael D.& Kohles, Sean S.. Plasma Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, and Causation. Journal of Environmental and Public Health. 2012. Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-15.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-458136
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-458136