Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis : A Paradigm of Paradoxical Immune Reconstitution Syndrome in Non-HIVAIDS Patients
Joint Authors
Elfaki, Mona Elfaki Eltahir
Zijlstra, Edward
Elkadaru, Abdelgadir Mohamed Yousif
Musa, Brema Younis
Khidir, Selma Abdelmoneim
Khalil, Eltahir Awad Gasim
El Hassan, Ahmed Mohamed
Musa, Ahmed Mudawi
Source
Issue
Vol. 2013, Issue 2013 (31 Dec. 2013), pp.1-7, 7 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2013-03-24
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
7
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic disease characterized by immune suppression.
Successful treatment is usually followed by immune reconstitution and a dermatosis called post-Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL).
Recently, PKDL was described as one of the immune reconstitution syndromes (IRISs) in HIV/VL patients on HAART.
This study aimed to present PKDL as a typical example of paradoxical IRIS in non-HIV/AIDS individuals.
Published and new data on the pathogenesis and healing of PKDL was reviewed and presented.
The data suggested that PKDL is a typical example of paradoxical IRIS, being a new disease entity that follows VL successful treatment and immune recovery.
PKDL lesions are immune inflammatory in nature with granuloma, adequate response to immunochemotherapy, and an ensuing hypersensitivity reaction, the leishmanin skin test (LST).
The data also suggested that the cytokine patterns of PKDL pathogenesis and healing are probably as follows: an active disease state dominated by IL-10 followed by spontaneous/treatment-induced IL-12 priming, IL-2 stimulation, and INF-γ production.
INF-γ-activated macrophages eliminate the Leishmania parasites/antigen to be followed by LST conversion and healing.
In conclusion, PKDL is a typical example of paradoxical IRIS in non-HIV/AIDS individuals with anti-inflammatory cytokine patterns that are superseded by treatment-induced proinflammatory cytokines and lesions healing.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Khalil, Eltahir Awad Gasim& Khidir, Selma Abdelmoneim& Musa, Ahmed Mudawi& Musa, Brema Younis& Elfaki, Mona Elfaki Eltahir& Elkadaru, Abdelgadir Mohamed Yousif…[et al.]. 2013. Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis : A Paradigm of Paradoxical Immune Reconstitution Syndrome in Non-HIVAIDS Patients. Journal of Tropical Medicine،Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-459541
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Khalil, Eltahir Awad Gasim…[et al.]. Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis : A Paradigm of Paradoxical Immune Reconstitution Syndrome in Non-HIVAIDS Patients. Journal of Tropical Medicine No. 2013 (2013), pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-459541
American Medical Association (AMA)
Khalil, Eltahir Awad Gasim& Khidir, Selma Abdelmoneim& Musa, Ahmed Mudawi& Musa, Brema Younis& Elfaki, Mona Elfaki Eltahir& Elkadaru, Abdelgadir Mohamed Yousif…[et al.]. Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis : A Paradigm of Paradoxical Immune Reconstitution Syndrome in Non-HIVAIDS Patients. Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2013. Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-459541
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-459541