Tetrodotoxin Poisoning Due to Pufferfish and Gastropods, and Their Intoxication Mechanism
Joint Authors
Arakawa, Osamu
Noguchi, Tamao
Onuki, Kazue
Source
Issue
Vol. 2011, Issue 2011 (31 Dec. 2011), pp.1-10, 10 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2011-11-30
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
10
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Marine pufferfish generally contain a large amount of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in their skin and viscera, and have caused many incidences of food poisoning, especially in Japan.
Edible species and body tissues of pufferfish, as well as their allowable fishing areas, are therefore clearly stipulated in Japan, but still 2 to 3 people die every year due to pufferfish poisoning.
TTX is originally produced by marine bacteria, and pufferfish are intoxicated through the food chain that starts with the bacteria.
Pufferfish become nontoxic when fed TTX-free diets in a closed environment in which there is no possible invasion of TTX-bearing organisms.
On the other hand, TTX poisoning due to marine snails has recently spread through Japan, China, Taiwan, and Europe.
In addition, TTX poisoning of dogs due to the ingestion of sea slugs was recently reported in New Zealand.
TTX in these gastropods also seems to be exogenous; carnivorous large snails are intoxicated by eating toxic starfish, and necrophagous small-to-medium snails, the viscera of dead pufferfish after spawning.
Close attention must be paid to the geographic expansion and/or diversification of TTX-bearing organisms, and to the sudden occurrence of other forms of TTX poisoning due to their ingestion.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Noguchi, Tamao& Onuki, Kazue& Arakawa, Osamu. 2011. Tetrodotoxin Poisoning Due to Pufferfish and Gastropods, and Their Intoxication Mechanism. ISRN Toxicology،Vol. 2011, no. 2011, pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-459684
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Noguchi, Tamao…[et al.]. Tetrodotoxin Poisoning Due to Pufferfish and Gastropods, and Their Intoxication Mechanism. ISRN Toxicology No. 2011 (2011), pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-459684
American Medical Association (AMA)
Noguchi, Tamao& Onuki, Kazue& Arakawa, Osamu. Tetrodotoxin Poisoning Due to Pufferfish and Gastropods, and Their Intoxication Mechanism. ISRN Toxicology. 2011. Vol. 2011, no. 2011, pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-459684
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-459684