The Role of the Immune System in Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Joint Authors
Patel, Payal S.
Balasubramanyam, Ashok
Buras, Eric D.
Source
Issue
Vol. 2013, Issue 2013 (31 Dec. 2013), pp.1-9, 9 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2013-03-21
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
9
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
The innate immune system provides organisms with rapid and well-coordinated protection from foreign pathogens.
However, under certain conditions of metabolic dysfunction, components of the innate immune system may be activated in the absence of external pathogens, leading to pathologic consequences.
Indeed, there appears to be an intimate relationship between metabolic diseases and immune dysfunction; for example, macrophages are prime players in the initiation of a chronic inflammatory state in obesity which leads to insulin resistance.
In response to increases in free fatty acid release from obese adipose depots, M1-polarized macrophages infiltrate adipose tissues.
These M1 macrophages trigger inflammatory signaling and stress responses within cells that signal through JNK or IKKβ pathways, leading to insulin resistance.
If overnutrition persists, mechanisms that counteract inflammation (such as M2 macrophages and PPAR signaling) are suppressed, and the inflammation becomes chronic.
Although macrophages are a principal constituent of obese adipose tissue inflammation, other components of the immune system such as lymphocytes and mast cells also contribute to the inflammatory cascade.
Thus it is not merely an increased mass of adipose tissue that directly leads to attenuation of insulin action, but rather adipose tissue inflammation activated by the immune system in obese individuals that leads to insulin resistance.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Patel, Payal S.& Buras, Eric D.& Balasubramanyam, Ashok. 2013. The Role of the Immune System in Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Journal of Obesity،Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-485390
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Patel, Payal S.…[et al.]. The Role of the Immune System in Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Journal of Obesity No. 2013 (2013), pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-485390
American Medical Association (AMA)
Patel, Payal S.& Buras, Eric D.& Balasubramanyam, Ashok. The Role of the Immune System in Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Journal of Obesity. 2013. Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-485390
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-485390